Whipple headed a team formed by the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation, responsible for developing an optical satellite tracking system. His was the only organization able to make observations on Sputnik I, man’s first satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.ĭuring the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958), Dr. ![]() Anticipating the era of artificial satellites, he had organized the “Moonwatch” group to track them. Under his leadership, the SAO developed a network of Baker-Nunn cameras that achieved spectacular success in tracking man-made satellites. Whipple was proven correct in 1986, when the European Space Agency’s Giotto spacecraft took close-up photographs of Haley’s comet.įred Whipple was director of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) in Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1955 to 1973. He also theorized that the glowing comet tails contained particles that originated from frozen reservoirs in comet nuclei. The jets of particles that resulted acted like rocket engines that either slowed or accelerated the comet. Whipple believed that as a comet approached a star, light from the star vaporized ice in the comet’s nucleus. He argued that comets were primarily ice with some rock mixed in, rather than materials such as sand held together by gravity, as was the more accepted belief at the time. Fred Whipple may be best known for his “dirty snowball” theory on the substance of comets in 1950. His invention is still used by NASA to protect spacecraft.ĭr. A thin outer skin of metal, it protects spacecraft by disintegrating space debris such as small asteroids when they impacted the shield. During World War II, he aided the war effort by inventing a system to counteract German radar by cutting up thousands of fragments of aluminum foil (chaff) to create false radar readings, hiding real targets with radar “static.”Īnticipating threats to the spacecraft of the future from space debris, in 1946, Fred Whipple invented the “meteor bumper,” now known as the Whipple Shield. Working out of the Harvard Observatory, Whipple discovered or co-discovered five comets and asteroid 1252 Celestia. While still a graduate student, Whipple helped map the orbit of Pluto, discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930. After earning his doctorate in 1931, Whipple transferred to the staff of the Harvard College Observatory. He received a Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics from UCLA in 1927, then enrolled at University of California, Berkeley in 1929, teaching astronomy while pursuing a Ph.D. After transferring to the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), he reluctantly abandoned tennis and by his junior year became interested in astronomy. He graduated from Long Beach High School in 1923, and enrolled in Occidental College in Los Angeles, hoping to become a professional tennis player. While he was a teenager his father sold the farm and moved the family to Long Beach, California, where Fred worked in the family grocery store. Complete eight Octane quests - Fifty-Fifty style and Clutch Victory pickaxeĬheck out all the rewards in the slideshow below.Fred Lawrence Whipple was born on November 5, 1906, on a farm outside of Red Oak, Iowa.Complete six Octane quests - Battle-Car Blaze style and Shot In Flight emoticon.Complete four Octane quests - 'Brella Beach style and Octane Smash spray.Complete two Octane quests - Back Board back bling (if not yet owned) and Aerial Assist style. ![]() Tallying a total of two, four, six, and ultimately eight completed challenges from the above list will net you the following rewards, including four new styles for the ever-changing Back Board back bling: Rocketeer Ruins - creative code 5620-6416-3977įour more challenges act as the milestone markers and reward dispensers for the event. Complete a lap in under two minutes and 30 seconds - 20,000 XP.RL Live challenges - creative code 9775-0165-8588 In-game, these are prominently featured in the game's Discover tab, but we've also included each map's creative code in case you want to find it that way. The final eight challenges must be completed in specific Creative maps. Perform a 720 front or back flip in the air with an Octane - 20,000 XP.Hit opponents while riding in an Octane (3) - 20,000 XP.Fly 100 meters continuously in an Octane - 20,000 XP.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |